On May 20, the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Peoples (UNPFII) commenced its 12th annual session. The UNPFII is an advisory body to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), with a mandate to discuss indigenous issues related to economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health and human rights. The UNPFII was established by the UN in response to demands from Indigenous Peoples for a high level permanent body at the United Nations.