On March 15, the United Nations General Assembly voted 170–4 to create a new Human Rights Council, effectively dissolving the oft-criticized Commission on Human Rights. Candidates for the Council will need to be elected by an absolute majority of 96 votes in order to secure a position, and once elected members can serve a maximum of two consecutive terms.

The second Indigenous Peoples Summit of the Americas, hosted by the Organización de Naciones y Pueblos Indígenas en Argentina (ONPIA) and the Assembly of First Nations in Canada (AFN), took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina from October 24-29. Indigenous groups met at the summit to draft a Declaration and Action Plan of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas.

Canadian health officials announced a Can$5.5 million grant to support three global indigenous health research projects that focus on researching HIV/AIDS, mental health, and indigenous health workforce networks on July 5. "There is much we need to learn about indigenous peoples' health issues," said Uijal Dosanjh, Minister of Health, to the Canada Newswire.

On May 30, the Canadian government signed an agreement with the Assembly of First Nations pledging to pay a lump sum in compensation for former students of Indian residential schools.

From October 20 to 24 the imagineNATIVE film festival drew hundreds of indigenous and non-indigenous film enthusiasts from around the globe to diverse downtown Toronto, Canada.

Celebrating its fifth year, participants noted that this was the most successful festival yet. The imagineNATIVE film festival is one of the few solely indigenous-run and programmed festivals in the arts community today.

On October 4, Amnesty International released a report that accuses Canadian officials of being unable to protect aboriginal women from violent attacks in Canada. According to Canadian government statistics, indigenous Canadian women between the ages of 25 and 44 are five times more likely than all other Canadian women to die of violence. The Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC), an aggregate of organizations representing First Nations and Métis women, estimates that 500 aboriginal women have gone missing over the past 30 years in Canada.

Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin this week announced the Canadian government would allocate CAN $700 million (US $540 million) over five years for an aboriginal health fund to increase the number of health practitioners serving Native communities and to promote disease prevention. Martin was addressing Canada's First Ministers Meeting on Health, which met from September 13 through September 15.

An important forum entitled “Mapping for Indigenous Advocacy and Empowerment” is to be held in Vancouver, Canada from March 11-14. The International Forum on Indigenous Mapping is aimed primarily at indigenous leaders, elders, communityrepresentatives, and technicians who produce maps to secure the control, use, and protection of their land and resources, and to maintain centuries-old cultural knowledge.

Programs offered through Whitehorse General Hospital have forged new frontiers in culturally-relative healthcare. The hospital is home to a First Nations Health Program that provides a holistic and traditional approach to medicine, and strives to improve the health of it First Nations patrons.

Native leaders throughout the country have begun to voice concern over Health Canada’s proposed policy changes. Since 1900, Canadians descending from the aboriginal signers of Treaty Eight have received free healthcare from the federal government. Beginning in September, Health Canada’s new policy will require them to sign a consent form prior to receiving care. Natives fear that the government might force them into paying for services by making them sign the forms. Canadian officials are now reconsidering the form’s specifics.